- France’s new finance law removes tax exemptions for innovation income, intensifying taxes on top earners.
- Lawmakers focus on limiting tax optimization strategies, aiming for increased tax contributions from high-income households.
The 2025 finance law in France has ignited heated debate as lawmakers confront the delicate balance between fiscal fairness and incentivizing innovation. At the core of this discussion lies Amendment No. I-3643, proposed by the French government, which sought to exclude specific income types from the newly instituted
“Differential Contribution for High Incomes”
(CDHR).
This new tax mechanism is designed to address income tax practices that allow the wealthiest French taxpayers to minimize their tax obligations.
Despite the government’s efforts to maintain attractive tax conditions for innovation-focused investments, the National Assembly rejected the amendment, signifying a notable win for the opposition, which advocates for broader application of the CDHR.
The rejected amendment specifically targeted incomes from activities like the
“transfer, concession, or sub-concession of commercial property.”
These earnings already benefit from a special 10% reduced tax rate due to their association with industrial and intellectual property, areas the government considers critical for France’s competitiveness on the global stage. By seeking to exclude these earnings from the CDHR, the government argued it was prioritizing investment in intellectual property and industry, both essential to fostering innovation and long-term economic growth.
However, opposition within the assembly viewed this as preferential treatment that could undermine the fairness of the new tax regime.
Another category affected by this proposed amendment involved income from royalties and license fees linked to patented inventions and protected software, particularly for individual inventors or their heirs. The government contended that maintaining favorable tax treatment for these revenue streams was necessary to encourage continuous investment in research and development. However, the assembly voted against this concession, thereby expanding the CDHR to cover income previously shielded under specialized tax rules.
This decision underscores a growing sentiment among lawmakers that high-income individuals should contribute more equitably, especially in light of France’s current budgetary goals.
As the debate over Amendment No. I-3643 unfolded, the assembly simultaneously approved two additional amendments aimed at strengthening the CDHR. One, backed by left-wing groups, pushed to maintain and broaden the CDHR’s reach, ensuring its application to an even larger portion of wealthy households. This approach aims not only to increase state revenue but also to reduce disparities in the tax treatment of France’s highest earners, challenging the notion of tax-exempt income for those at the top of the income spectrum.
Further bolstering the CDHR, a proposal from centrist lawmaker Charles de Courson aims to curtail the use of tax credits and loopholes, mechanisms that often enable the wealthy to significantly lower their effective tax rate. By limiting these options, the government anticipates a rise in the net tax contribution from high-income households, countering techniques commonly employed to minimize CDHR liabilities. This move reflects the broader legislative intent to tighten France’s tax structure around the highest earners and discourage reliance on tax optimization tools that disproportionately benefit the affluent.
Faced with mounting fiscal pressures, the government appears poised to invoke Article 49-3 of the French Constitution to expedite the passage of the 2025 finance law. However, the rejection of Amendment No. I-3643, coupled with the adoption of new CDHR-strengthening provisions, signals a shift toward a more assertive tax approach on high incomes. This evolving fiscal landscape could prompt investors to reconsider their tax strategies within France, as tax advantages historically afforded to innovation-driven revenues are pared back.
As lawmakers navigate this complex terrain, the impact on France’s economic competitiveness remains to be seen, highlighting the delicate balance between attracting investment and ensuring tax equity.